Linux--Ubuntu reference terminal commands and Cheat sheet

Linux--Ubuntu reference terminal commands 

and Cheat sheets

Enter these commands in TERMINAL==>

To open TERMINAL:
Press Ctrl+Alt+T simultaneously.

ALSO PREFIX ALL THE BELOW COMMANDS WITH::sudo

Priviledges Commands:

1. sudo command – run command as root
2. sudo -s – open a root shell
3. sudo -s -u user – open a shell as user
4. sudo -k – forget sudo passwords
5. gksudo command – visual sudo dialog (GNOME)
6. kdesudo command – visual sudo dialog (KDE)
7. sudo visudo – edit /etc/sudoers
8. gksudo nautilus – root file manager (GNOME)
9. kdesudo konqueror – root file manager (KDE)
10. passwd – change your password

System Services:

1. start service – start job service (Upstart)
2. stop service – stop job service (Upstart)
3. status service – check if service is running (Upstart)
4. /etc/init.d/service start – start service (SysV)
5. /etc/init.d/service stop – stop service (SysV)
6. /etc/init.d/service status – check service (SysV)
7. /etc/init.d/service restart – restart service (SysV)
8. runlevel – get current runlevel 
9. Recovery - Type the phrase “REISUB” while  holding down Alt and SysRq (PrintScrn) with about 1 second between each letter. Your system will reboot.
10. lsb_release -a – get Ubuntu version
11. uname -r – get kernel version
12. uname -a – get all kernel information

Package Management:

1. apt-get update – refresh available updates
2. apt-get upgrade – upgrade all packages
3. apt-get dist-upgrade – upgrade with package
4. replacements; upgrade Ubuntu version
5. apt-get install pkg – install pkg
6. apt-get purge pkg – uninstall pkg
7. apt-get autoremove – remove obsolete packages
8. apt-get -f install – try to fix broken packages
9. dpkg --configure -a – try to fix broken packages
10. dpkg -i pkg.deb – install file pkg.deb
11. (file) /etc/apt/sources.list – APT repository list

Special Packages:

1. Ubuntu-desktop – standard Ubuntu environment
2. Ubuntu-desktop – KDE desktop
3. Ubuntu-desktop – XFCE desktop
4. Ubuntu-minimal – core Ubuntu utilities
5. Ubuntu-standard – standard Ubuntu utilities
6. Ubuntu-restricted-extras – non-free, but useful
7. Ubuntu-restricted-extras – KDE of the above
8. Ubuntu-restricted-extras – XFCE of the above
9. build-essential – packages used to compile
10. programs
11. Linux-image-generic – latest generic kernel
12. image
13. Linux-headers-generic – latest build headers

Network Commands:

1. ifconfig – show network information
2. iwconfig – show wireless information
3. sudo iwlist scan – scan for wireless networks
4. sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart – reset network for manual configurations
5. (file) /etc/network/interfaces – manual configuration
6. ifup interface – bring interface online
7. ifdown interface – disable interface

Firewall Commands:

1. ufw enable – turn on the firewall
2. ufw disable – turn off the firewall
3. ufw default allow – allow all connections by default
4. ufw default deny – drop all connections by default
5. ufw status – current status and rules
6. ufw allow port – allow traffic on port
7. ufw deny port – block port
8. ufw deny from ip – block ip adress

Display Commands:

1. sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart – restart X and return to login (GNOME)
2. sudo /etc/init.d/kdm restart – restart X and return to login (KDE)
3. (file) /etc/X11/xorg.conf – display configuration
4. sudo dexconf – reset xorg.conf configuration
5. Ctrl+Alt+Bksp – restart X display if frozen
6. Ctrl+Alt+FN – switch to tty N
7. Ctrl+Alt+F7 – switch back to X display

Application Commands:

1. nautilus – file manager (GNOME)
2. dolphin – file manager (KDE)
3. konqueror – web browser (KDE)
4. kate – text editor (KDE)
5. gedit – text editor (GNOME)

NOTE:In order to open other application just write the NAME of the Application and hit Enter.

Now get your Linux cheat sheet pdf on these links:

Unix/Linux Command Cheat Sheet by Jacob [pdf]

 Linux Administrator's Quick Reference by Jialong He

 Linux Shortcuts and Commands(html)